while,as,when 都可解释为“当…时候”,用来引导时间状语从句,但有区别:
1、while 意为 during the time that“在……期间”,表达一个“时间段”,不能表达“时间点”,从句的动词只限于持续性动词。例如:
One day while he was shopping in the supermarket, he saw his ex-wife with a man.
一天,他在超市
购物时,他看到了他的前妻和一个男子在一起。
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。
2、when 意为 at the time that“在…时”,多指“时间点”,例如:
When he returned from work, his wife was cooking.
他下班回家时,他的妻子正在做饭。
3、戚腔as 意为 at the same time that“正当……”或“与……同时”,它兼指“时间点”和“时间段”,从句的动词既可是短暂性动词,也可是持续性动词。例如:
The door bell rang as we were having breakfast.
正当我们吃饭的时候,门铃响了。
As the time went on,the weather got worse and worse.
随着时间的推移,天气越来备裤越糟。仿仔简
归纳:
总的说来,3者的功能区别大体可作如下描述:
while 为主句动作的发生划定一个时间的范围;
as 为主句动作的发生提供一个伴随的动作;
when 为主句动作的发生规定一个特定的时间。
(1) 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作,从句表示的是一个持续性动作,三者都可用:
He fell asleep when [while, as] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
【注】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在……期指贺间”时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development) 意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as:
A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去邮局。
B:While you’re there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗?
(2) 若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用 while:
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。
I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候,我默不作声。
但是,若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边…一边”之意思,通常用 as:
She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。
(3) 若从句是一个短暂性动作,主句是一个持续性动作,可用 as / when 但不用 while:
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。
(4) 若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作,用 as / when:
I thought of it just when [as] you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。
(5) 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,一般用 as:
Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的唯猜派推移,情况越来越好。
As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚,天气越冷。
(6) 表示“每当…的时候”(暗示一种规律性),一般要用 when:
It’s cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。
He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。
(7) 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用 when:
I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时,我就回家去。
(8) when 可用作并列连词,表示“这时(突然)”;while 也可以用作并兆枝列连词,表示“而”、“却”(表示对比);但 as 则没有类似用法:
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时天开始下雨了。
He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡,而她却喜欢茶。
(9) as 和 when 后均可直接跟一个名词,构成省略句,但 while 一般不这样用:
As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。
(10) when 和 while 后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句,但 as 一般不这样用:
When [While] reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。
When [While] in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。
While与when的区别
when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。
(一)、when,while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间 。在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。 例如: 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗? 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
(二)、while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 例如: 1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做
家庭作业。
(三)、另外,when和while的区别还在于:while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 例如: 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈模逗圆妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作 when 和while的用法区别 两者的区别如下: ①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间; while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是旦塌延续性动词。 ②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 ③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去指答进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如: a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为: While we were talking, the teacher came in. b. They were singing while we were dancing. ④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”;while表示“而,却”,表对照关系。如: a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。
when, while这三个词都有"当……时候"之意,但用法有所不同,使用时要特别注意。
①when意为"在……时刻或时期",它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段",所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词,也可是持续性动词。如:
When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时,他正在吃饭。
When I was young, I liked dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞。
②while只指"时间段",不指"时间点",从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如:
While I slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。
辨析
①when从句与主句动作先后发生时,不能与while互换。如:
When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.每当他做完工作后,总要稍稍休息一下。(when = after)
When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。(when=before)
②when从句动词为终止性动词时,不能由while替换。如:
When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时,我们正在打篮球。
③当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时,when, while才有可能互相替代。如:
While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时,老师进来了。
④当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词,而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用,而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑,有"正当这时"的含义。如:
He came just as (or when) I reached the door.我刚到门那儿,他就来了。
⑤从句的谓语动词如表示状态时,通常用while。如:
We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。
⑥while和when都可以用作并列连词。
Mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高,然而他弟弟很矮。
Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家的路上,这时两个大个子男孩拦住她。
as和when、while的区简嫌饥者让别拦返