neither.....nor,either....or,not only ...but.also的用法


neither.....nor,either....or,not only ...but.also的用法
连词

1.并列连词。

①both … and, either … or, neither … nor

both … and“双方都”,连接句子的两个主语时,其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either … or与neither … nor注意采取“就近原则”。

②not only … but also, as well as

注意:两者强调对象不同,not only … but also强调的是but also之后部分,而as well as则强调其前面的部分。not only … but also采取“就近原则”,而as well as只是一个插入语,采取“就远原则”。如:

Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.

not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首,连接两个分句时,第一个从句主谓要倒装。

Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.

2.从属连词。

①when、while、as都表示“当……时候”,when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生,也可先后发生;

as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如:

When I go to the station, the train had already left.

He sang merrily as he was working.

②till、until均表示“到……时候止”,肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如:I worked till late at

night.若主句谓语是终止性动词,则主句要用否定形式,意为动作“到……才……”开始发生。如:

She didn’t get up until her mother came in.

注意:till和until通常情况下可以互换,只是在句首时until比till更常用。

③though、although均引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然……”,although较正式,though最常用。如:

Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.

注意:though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用,但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用,如even though、

as though,而although则不能这样搭配。

④no sooner … than、hardly … when、as soon as三者都表示“一……就”,“刚刚……就”的意思。(A)as soon as 置于主句前后都可以,而且有备各种时态。如:As soon as she gets here I’ll tell her about

it. Mary left as soon as the finished the work.(B)hardly … when、no sooner … than不能表示将来的事,其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时。若将hardly或no sooner放在句首,句子要倒装。如:No

sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

⑤某些表示时间的名词(词组)也可用作从属连词。它们是:the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first(second, third …)time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter),every(each,next,

any) time(day),by the time,都可引导时间状语从句。如:

His mother died the spring he returned.

Call me up the minute he arrives.

这里有
http://blog.cersp.com/userlog2/62882/archives/2007/295989.shtml
http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/45310bf3010009ay
http://edu.enorth.com.cn/system/2006/04/18/001284151.shtml
http://weigf.cersp.net/86839/969188.aspx
either...or...与 neither...nor...
一、either...or...

either...or...意为"或者……或者……;不是……就是……"之意。表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如:

When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时,不是唱就是跳。(此句中either...or...连接两个动词,因为主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词要用其相应的形式。)

either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。例如:

Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。

注意:如果把上句变成一般疑问句,助动词形式与主语you保持一致,所以要用are提问,而不是am。例如:

Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里?

Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为:Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭?

若要对either...or...句型进行否定时,只需把either...or...换成neither...nor...即可。例如:

Either you or she is good at drawing. 变为否定句应为:Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画

我们还可以单独使用either,其意为"两者中的任何一个"。例如:

There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。这个句子也可以这样表达:There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道两边有许多商店。

either用在否定句的句末,表示"也"的意思。例如:

If you don\'t go there. I won\'t, either. 如果你不去那里,我也不去。

二、neither...nor...

neither...nor...表示"既不……也不……"。其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如:

She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中neither...nor...连接两个宾语。当neither...nor...连接两个主语时,也应遵循"就近原则"。例如:

Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。

若将neither...nor...句型变为肯定句,只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如:

Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。

还可以单独使用neither作主语,表示"两者中没有一个"。例如:

Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。

neither或nor还有另外一种用法,就是当表达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用neither或nor进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither / Nor 助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 主语。例如:

He doesn\'t go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学,我也不是。

They didn\'t go to the park yesterday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。
1、not only…but also…的用法

用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。如:
She not only plays well, but also writes music.
她不仅很会演奏,而且还会作曲。
He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them.
他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色。
Not only men but also women were chosen.
不仅仅是男的,女的也有被选中的。
He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well.
他不仅平时工作,星期日也工作。
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。

说明:若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如:
Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你,他也得离开。
若连接两个句子,not only后面的句子要用倒装,如:
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确,而且讲得更不费劲了。

2、neither…nor…的用法
用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词,用于否定两者,其意为“既不……也不……”、“……和……都不”。如:
It’s neither too cold nor too hot.
天气既不太冷也不太热。
Neither boys nor girls are interested in it.
男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。

说明:通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如:
Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history.
玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史
Neither Jim nor Jack was at home.
吉姆和杰克都不在家。
但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数。如
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.
他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
Neither Jim nor Jack were at home.
吉姆和杰克都不在家。

3、either…or… 的用法
用于连接两个表示选择关系的名词或代词,意为“要么……要么”。如:
He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。
You can go swimming or play tennis. 你可以去游泳也可以去打网球。
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。
Are either you or I wrong? 是你错了还是我错了?

说明:通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如:
You can either have tea or coffee.
你喝茶也行,喝咖啡也行。
Either you or I am wrong.
不是你错,就是我错。

4、both…and…的用法
用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。如:
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.
这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。
You’ve given both your uncle and myself a lot of trouble.
你给了你姑父和我很多麻烦。
Sophia was both对ad and sorry to see her.
索菲娅看到她既高兴又难过。
The food was both bad and insufficient.
食物既坏又不够吃。
She was ashamed, both for herself and for Diana.
她感到羞愧,既为自己也为戴安娜。
I did all this both for you and for myself.
我做这一切是为了你,也为我自己。
He both speaks and writes Spanish.
他既会说也会写西班牙语。
Tonight they will both sing and dance.
今晚他们将又唱歌又跳舞。

说明:作为关联并列连词,它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外,若连接两个成分作主语,谓语总是用复数。如:
Both she and I are good at English.
她和我都擅长英语
Both teaching and research work are making great strides.
教学与科研都在大踏步前进。
Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl.
她和索菲娅都喜欢这个姑娘。

若连接两个句子,要用倒装。如:
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.
他既不抽烟也不喝酒